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(No Model.) 2 Sheets- Sheet 1.

- H. C. SERGBANT.

ROCK DRILL.

No. 326,682. Patented Sept. 22, 1885.

mi e (No Model.)V 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. C. SERGEANT.

ROCK DRILL.

No.` 326,682. Patented Sept. 22, 1885.

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siren Stearns artnr rtreeSi HENRY O. SERGEANT, NEV YORK, N. Y.

R O C K D R l L L.

SPECIFICATION forming part oi' Letters Patent No. 326,682, dated September 22,1885.

Application filed June 15, 1595. (No model.)

T a/ZZ whom it may concern: extension working through it. In either oon- Be it known that I, HENRY C. SERGEANT, struction the member of the rotating devices of the city and county of New York, in the which is locked to the piston is contained 55 State of New York, have invented a new and within and made to turn in a sleeve which is useful Improvement in Rock-Drills, of which clamped in a cylinder. One of the two memthe following` is a specification. bers, either the sleeve. or the part rotating My invention relates to devices which are within it, is provided with ratchet-shaped employed for rotating the piston and bit of a teeth extending lengthwise of the cylinder7 6o rock-drill. Mechanism for this purpose comwhile the other said member is provided with ro monly comprises a ratchet and pawls, one, -pawls engaging with these teeth.

either the ratchet or pawls, being held in the The invention consists in novel combinacylinder while the other, either the pawls or tions of parts, which are hereinafter deratchet, can turn in one direction only. scribed, and pointed out in the claims. 65 In my applications for Letters Patent No. In theaccompanying drawings, Figure 1 145,343, filed October 13. 1884, and No. represents a longitudinal section of portions 157,445, filed March 2, 1885, I have shown ofadrill which are necessary to illustrate my and described rotating devices which consist invention. Fig. 2 represents a plan of those oftwo rings having ratchet-shaped teeth upon parts of the machine. Fig. 3 represents an 70 their adjacent faces. One of these rings is end View of the rotating devices, loolringfrom 2o clamped and held by fiction within the cylthe right hand of Fig. 1, the said devices beinder, and the other is locked to a spirallying removed from the cylinder; and Fig. 4 is grooved piston-extension, or to the head of a a sectional view upon the plane of the dotted spirally-grooved bar, so asto turn therewith 5 line x x, Fig. l, ofthe rotating devices alone. 75 but one of these rings may be considered as Similar letters of reference designate correthe ratchet and the other as the pawl or pawls sponding parts in all the figures.

operatingin connection with the ratchet. One A designates the cylinder ofthe rock-drill. advantage of this class of rotating devices is B designates the piston, which is iitted to that while the ratchet, which is clamped and work therein, and B designates the piston- 8o held by friction in the cylinder, is so firmly rod, working through the lower end of the held that it will not turn and will be practicylinder. The piston B may be provided with cally fixed in the ordinary operation of the suitablepacking-rings, b,andhas an upwardly drill, it will turn in case of the bit becoming or rearwardly projecting piston-extension, BZ. stuck, or in case any great resistance is other- The cylinder has a valve-chest, A', wherein is 8F wise opposed to the turning of the piston, arranged a valve-casing composed of two and by so turning it will prevent brealrparts, A2 A, to which is tted a valve, K, age of parts. I have now discovered that which consists of acylindric skeleton structure the same principle of operation may be utiladapted to close alternately upon the seats g ized in a somewhat different construction of g'. The valve chest has an annular belt, h, to 9c rotating devices. which motive duid is admitted bythe pipe or 40 According to my present invention, one passage h', and from thc two seats g g ports or member of the rotating devices consists of a passages g* gF lead to the cylinder above and sleeve which is, as heretofore, clamped and below the piston. Between the ports or pasheld by friction in the cylinder, and the other sages g* g* thc piston has an annular exhaustmember of the rotating devices is so connected port, t', having an outlet, i', to which the exwith the piston that it cannot turn independhaustpipe is to be connected. The valve K, ently thereof. rIhe last said member of the by closing alternately upon the seats g g, conrotating devices may consist of a cylindric trols the admission of motive fluid alternately head formed upon a central spiral bar, which through the passages fitr/:: to the cylinder on rco is fixed in the top of the cylinder and lits a opposite sides of the piston, and as the connut in the piston; or the last said member of struction and operation of the valve Kis fully the rotating devices may consist of a nut describedin my application for Letters Patent,

L which is fitted to a spirally-grooved piston Serial No. 145,343, tiled October 13, 1884, no

further description thereof is here necessary, as these features form no part of my presentinvention. To the upper end of the cylinder A is secured a ring or head-piece, D', which has an annular bore or central opening, and is secured to the cylinder by bolts a. Within this piece D is tted a head, D, which consists simply of a cylindric disk or piece of metal held in place by a spring, F, acting upon its outer side, and through which pass the bolts E, whereby the lower head of the cylinder C is secured in place, as will be best understood from Fig. 2. In lthe cylinder` near its upper end is formed a shoulder or counterbore, a', and in this counterbore and bearing against the shoulder is placed a ring, J. Arranged centrally within the cylinder and projecting inward -thereinto iis a spirallygrooved bar, I, which is received in theeav'ity B within the piston and piston-extension, and which is `fitted to a nut, Il, screwed fast or otherwise secured in the piston extension vThis spiral bar I fits snugly withinthe ring J, and is supported Aandlfree tolturn therein. .At `its upper end the spiral :bar Ilis provided with a head, l', which is of -cylindric for-m externally, and constitutes one member of the rotating devices, and encircling this head AI isa sleeve or ring, G, which is made Aof considerable length, as kshown -in Fig. l, and which is of the same diameter as ythe 'ring J ,so as to tit snugly within the counterbore a of fthe c) linder and against sai-d ring J. The upper head `D bears against the outer edge or side `of the sleeve or ri-ng G, Aand Khence it will :be 'seen -that this sleeve is clamped and heldin place by the pressure of the spring F between the ring J and the upper head, D, and the clampj .ing force with which the sleeve'G is held in 40"- place maybe varied by tightening the nuts e upon the bolts In this example of my in- .vention the sleeve or ring G-constitutes -one 1 member lof the rotating devices, which -is clamped and held by friction in the cylinder, and the head l of the -spirally grooved bar I constitutes the other member of `the rotating devices, which is by the bar I and the nut I2 locked to the piston, so that it cannot 'turn independently thereof. One member of the rotating devices-in this example of the invention the sleeve G-is provided with ratchetshaped teeth g, as shown most clearly in Figs. 3 and 4, and the other memberof the rotating devicesin this instance the head I-is provided with pawls H, which engage ywith the ratchet-teeth g, `as -also best shown in Figs. 3

and 4. In this example of the invention 'the pawls H consist of rectangular plugs or pieces of metal which are let into tangential sockets or seats h in the vhead I', and have inwardly-'projectingstems or studs 7L', which entersockets or holes i2, drilled in the bottom of ,the`seats h, as best shown in Fig. 4. Within the sockets or holes i2 are springs i3, which bear -against the ends of the studs or stems h', and `tend to force the pawls H outward into engagement with the ratchet-shaped teeth g upon the sleeve G, as best shown in Fig. 4. When the piston makes its downward or working stroke, the nut I2, acting upon the spiral bar I, tends to turn the bar. and its head I in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 3, and this it can do readily, thesprings i3 permitting the pawls H to yield so as to ride over the teeth g. When the piston makes its upward or return stroke, the nut I, acting upon the bar I, tends to turn it and its head in the opposite direction to that indicated by the arrow in Figf. rlhis it cannot do, however, because of the pawls H bearing against the faces of the teeth g, which are parallel with the sides of the rect angular seats or slideways h, wherein the pawls H are fitted, and as the bar I and head lcannot turn in Ithat direction, the piston and its nut I2 will -be compelled to turn upon the spiral bar I. In case, however, of any unusual resistance to the turning lof the piston, caused by the bit striking a flaw in the rock or otherwise, the. pawls H, acting upon'the teeth of the sleeve G, will overcome the frictional resistance toits turni-ng, and'saidsleeve wi-ll be turned inthe cylinder and v'breakage of parts prevented. y

It will lbe seen from the above description that the sleeve G and the pawls H may be lmade-as `long as desired in a direction lengthwise of the cylinder, and hence these pawls will have a very strong engagement with the 4teeth g.

-I do not desire to be restricted to theyuse of sliding pawls,such as areherein shownfbut may 'use pivoted pawls, such as are in common use in rock-drills. Iconsider, however, that the slid-ing pawls are very desirable hecause of their great strength, and because of the ample guidance and strong support which they are afforded in the seats or slideways h.

I have here represented the ytwo pawls Has stepped relatively to yeach other half the 'length of one of the teeth g, as shown clearly i-n Figs. 3 and 4. By this means I secure a yvery .gradual rotation or a rotation 'by very short steps, and I leave the 'teeth 4g `long and strong, so that there is no danger of their becoming inoperative by a little Wear.

It is obvious that the sleeve G might be arranged Yin a -recess or cou'nterbore in the head D and be clamped by the head against the end of the cylinder; 'but the sleeve would be still clamped by friction within the cylinder, as the head may be considered a part of the cylinder. Y

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by 'Letters Patent, is-

1. The combi-nation, with the cylinder and piston of a rock-drill, of rotating devices comprising -two members, one -of which consists of a sleeve or ring held by friction within the cylinder and the other -of which is locked to turn with the piston and arranged within the sleeve or ring, one member being provided with ratchet-shaped teeth and the other with pawls engaging therewith, herein described.

2. The combination, with the cylinder and piston of a rock-drill, of a sleeve or ring clamped by friction within the cylinder, constituting one member of the rotating devices, and provided upon its interior surface with ratchet-shaped teeth extending lengthwise of the cylinder, of a head or piece constituting the other member of the rotating devices arranged within the sleeve and locked to the piston, and pawls carried by the last-mentioned member of the rotating devices and engaging with the ratchet-teeth of said sleeve, substantially as herein described.

3. rIhe combination, with the cylinder and piston of a rock-drill, of a spirally-grooved bar fitting a nut in the piston and having upon it a head, a sleeve encircling the head and clamped and held by friction within the cylinder, the sleeve and head constituting the two members of the rotating devices, and one being provided with ratchet-shaped teeth eX- tending lengthwise of the cylinder, and the other carrying pawls engaging with said teeth, substantially as herein described.

4. The combination, with the cylinder and piston of a rock-drill, of a spirally-grooved bar fitting a nut in the piston and having a cylindric head carrying pawls, and a sleeve substantially as encircling said head clamped and held by friction in the cylinder, and provided upon its interior surface with ratchet-shaped teeth with which the pawls of the headengage, substantially as herein described.

5. The combination, with the cylinder and piston of a rock-drill, of rotating devices consisting of the sleeve or member G, clamped and held by friction Within the cylinder and provided upon its interior surface with ratchet-shaped teeth g, and the member I', locked to the piston and provided with tangential slideways h, and sliding spring-actuated pawls H, fitting said slideways and engaging with the teeth of the sleeve or member G, substantially as herein described.

6. The combination, with the cylinder and piston of a rock-drill, of the sleeve G, clamped and held by friction Within the cylinder and provided with ratchet-shaped teeth g, the spiral bar I, fitting a nut in the piston and having a head, I, in which are tangential slide- Ways or paWl-seats h, and spring-actuated sliding pawls H, tting said seats or slideways, substantially as herein described.

7. The combination, with the cylinder and piston of a rock-drill, ofthe sleeve G, provided With teeth g upon its inner surface and clamped and held by friction within the cylinder, the member I, constructed with tangential slideways or seats h and with sockets or holes 2, extending inward therefrom, and the sliding pawls H, provided with inwardlyprojecting stems or studs h', and springs 3, arranged in the sockets or holes 2 and acting upon said pawls, substantially as herein described.

HENRY C. SERGEANT.

Witnesses:

U. HALL, FREDK. HAYNns. 

